Translation guide
A broad term in philosophy, social sciences, and architecture. This guide focuses on meanings relevant to English-speaking learners of Japanese, covering common academic and design contexts.
The theory that mental states are defined by their functional roles rather than by their physical makeup.
Standard translation in academic philosophy. Refers to the view that mental states are functional states.
機能主義は心の哲学における主要な立場の一つです。
Functionalism is one of the major positions in the philosophy of mind.
The theory that social institutions and practices should be understood in terms of the functions they perform for society as a whole.
Used in sociology and anthropology for structural functionalism. Often associated with Durkheim or Parsons.
機能主義的社会学では、社会制度をその機能から分析します。
Functionalist sociology analyzes social institutions in terms of their functions.
Specifically 'structural functionalism', a major school in mid-20th-century sociology.
パーソンズは構造機能主義の代表的な理論家です。
Parsons is a representative theorist of structural functionalism.
The principle that the design of a building or object should be based on its intended function or purpose.
Used in architecture and design, often associated with the modernist slogan 'form follows function'.
バウハウスは機能主義的なデザインで知られています。
The Bauhaus is known for its functionalist design.
Literally 'function-first', a more general term for prioritizing function over form.
この製品は機能本位で設計されています。
This product is designed with a focus on functionality.
An approach that analyzes language in terms of the communicative functions it serves.
Refers to functional linguistics, as opposed to formal linguistics. Often associated with Halliday's systemic functional grammar.
機能主義言語学では、言語の社会的機能を重視します。
Functional linguistics emphasizes the social functions of language.
A theory that emphasizes the role of international organizations and cooperation in addressing common needs.
Used in IR theory, especially regarding European integration (e.g., Mitrany's functionalism).
機能主義は、国際機関を通じた協力を重視します。
Functionalism emphasizes cooperation through international organizations.
Neo-functionalism, a later development focusing on spillover effects in regional integration.
新機能主義は欧州統合のプロセスを説明する理論です。
Neo-functionalism is a theory that explains the process of European integration.
The Japanese term 機能主義 (きのうしゅぎ) is used across many disciplines. To avoid confusion, specify the field when first introducing the term, e.g., 心の哲学における機能主義 (functionalism in philosophy of mind).
Functionalism as a design philosophy is not the same as simply being practical or functional. For everyday 'functionality', use 機能性 (きのうせい) or 実用性 (じつようせい).
Specifically 'functional grammar', a model within functional linguistics.
選択体系機能文法はハリデーによって提唱されました。
Systemic functional grammar was proposed by Halliday.