Translation guide
The English word 'humble' can describe a modest person, a low social position, or an action of lowering oneself. In Japanese, expressing humility is deeply tied to social context and often involves specific humble language (kenjōgo), set phrases, or describing a modest attitude.
Describing a person who does not boast or think too highly of themselves.
The most common and natural adjective for a humble personality. It implies a sincere modesty and lack of arrogance.
He is a very humble person.
It's important to remain humble even after success.
Means 'reserved' or 'modest' in behavior. Often used for someone who doesn't push themselves forward, which can be seen as humble.
She is modest and doesn't talk much about her achievements.
Literally 'low-waisted', this idiomatic phrase describes someone who is humble and polite, especially to others regardless of status.
The company president is humble and polite to everyone.
Describing a person's humble origins or a modest, unpretentious thing.
Describes a modest, simple lifestyle or a person who lives frugally and without extravagance. Often used for 'humble beginnings'.
He grew up in a humble household.
Means 'simple' or 'plain', often used for a humble lifestyle or dwelling. Focuses on lack of luxury.
Literally 'low social status'. Can be used historically or in contexts of class, but may sound blunt or old-fashioned.
He came from a humble (low-status) family.
The action of lowering oneself, showing deference, or being modest in speech/behavior.
In Japanese, humbling oneself is often done through specific verb forms (kenjōgo) that lower the speaker's actions. This is a core part of polite speech.
Kenjōgo is used to show respect to the listener or the person you are talking about, not to describe your own personality as humble.
The verb 'to be modest' or 'to humble oneself' in speech, often by downplaying one's abilities or achievements.
He was humble about his success. (He downplayed it.)
Literally 'to lower one's head', meaning to humble oneself, apologize, or show respect. Often used in the context of asking for a favor or admitting fault.
Expressing one's own opinion modestly, often in formal or written contexts.
The English 'humble' can sometimes mean 'to humiliate' (e.g., 'They humbled their rivals'). In Japanese, this is usually 屈辱を与える (くつじょくをあたえる) or 面目を失わせる (めんぼくをうしなわせる), not 謙虚.
When using humble verbs like いたす or 申す, you are lowering your own actions to show respect to the listener. It does not describe your personality. To say 'I am humble', use 謙虚です.
I prefer a humble (simple) life.
He admitted his mistake and humbly bowed his head.
I humbly offer my opinion.