Translation guide
The English word "hurdle" can refer to a physical barrier in sports, or metaphorically to an obstacle or difficulty. This guide covers how to express these concepts naturally in Japanese.
To refer to a problem, barrier, or challenge that must be overcome.
The most common and general word for 'obstacle' or 'barrier', used in both physical and abstract contexts.
Overcome the language hurdle.
There are many hurdles to getting a job.
Literally 'wall', but very commonly used metaphorically for a hurdle or barrier, especially in personal or professional growth.
He hit a big hurdle.
We must overcome this hurdle.
Loanword from English, used metaphorically just like in English. Common in business and casual contexts.
There are several hurdles in that plan.
The first hurdle is fundraising.
Refers to a difficult barrier or crucial test, often used for entrance exams or major challenges.
Clear the hurdle of university entrance exams.
Obstacle or hindrance, often used in formal contexts like business or law. Implies something that interferes with progress.
Cause a hurdle in operations.
To refer to the actual barrier used in hurdling events.
障害 (しょうがい) is the most general term for obstacle, covering physical, social, and mental barriers. ハードル is a loanword often used in business or casual talk for a specific challenge or condition to be met. 壁 (かべ) is a vivid metaphor for a daunting hurdle, often personal. Use 障害 for formal or broad contexts, ハードル for modern, specific hurdles, and 壁 for emotional or growth-related barriers.
While ハードル can be used metaphorically, using it for every 'hurdle' might sound unnatural. For general obstacles, 障害 or 壁 are often better choices.
hurdle race
obstacle race (including hurdles)