Translation guide
Expresses that one thing changes or is determined relative to another. Common patterns include に応じて (ni oujite), に比例して (ni hirei shite), and につれて (ni tsurete).
One thing changes or is decided according to another (e.g., effort, ability, demand).
Used when something is adjusted or decided based on another factor. Common in formal and business contexts.
We adjust production volume in proportion to demand.
Assign tasks according to ability.
Means 'to match' or 'in accordance with'. More flexible and slightly less formal than に応じて.
Make a plan in proportion to the budget.
Indicates that the outcome depends on something. Often used with nouns.
Results change in proportion to your effort.
A direct ratio: as one quantity increases, another increases or decreases at a constant rate.
The standard expression for mathematical or quantitative proportionality.
Describes a gradual change where one thing follows another, often over time.
Used when a change in one thing is accompanied by a change in another. Often with verbs.
As one thing increases, the other decreases.
The direct equivalent of 'in inverse proportion to'. Used in technical and formal contexts.
に応じて is for adjusting to a standard or condition. につれて is for natural, gradual change over time. に比例して is strictly for mathematical proportionality.
Produce according to demand.
Profits increase in proportion to sales.
Resistance is proportional to length.
Can also be used for proportional relationships in non-technical contexts.
Tax is levied in proportion to income.
As you get older, your strength declines in proportion to age.
Ice cream sales increase as the temperature rises.
Similar to につれて, but often implies a stronger causal link or formal context.
Environmental problems worsened in proportion to economic growth.
Price is in inverse proportion to demand.
Less common variant of 反比例.
Price falls in inverse proportion to supply.
年を取るにつれて記憶力が衰える。
Memory declines as you age.
Cost increases in proportion to area.
Do not translate 'in proportion to' word-for-word as 割合に (わりあいに) or 比率で (ひりつで). These are not natural in most contexts.