Translation guide
The power of courts to examine laws or government actions for constitutionality. In Japanese, this is most commonly expressed as 違憲審査 (constitutionality review) or 司法審査 (judicial review).
The general concept of courts reviewing laws or government actions for constitutionality.
The most common and precise term for judicial review in the sense of reviewing constitutionality. Used in legal and academic contexts.
最高裁判所は違憲審査権を持つ。
The Supreme Court has the power of judicial review.
A direct translation of 'judicial review', but less common than 違憲審査. Used in broader contexts, including review of administrative actions.
司法審査は法治国家の基本原則だ。
Judicial review is a fundamental principle of a constitutional state.
Specifically refers to the power to review the constitutionality of legislation. A more technical legal term.
違憲立法審査権は裁判所の重要な役割である。
The power of judicial review of legislation is an important role of the courts.
Review of administrative decisions or actions by courts, not necessarily constitutional.
Administrative litigation, the primary mechanism for challenging government actions in court. Often used when 'judicial review' refers to review of administrative decisions.
行政訴訟を通じて行政決定の司法審査を求める。
Seek judicial review of administrative decisions through administrative litigation.
Also used for review of administrative actions, though less specific than 行政訴訟.
行政処分に対する司法審査が行われた。
Judicial review of the administrative disposition was conducted.
違憲審査 specifically refers to review of constitutionality, while 司法審査 is a broader term that can include review of administrative actions. In many contexts, 違憲審査 is the more natural choice for 'judicial review' as understood in constitutional law.
If you are talking about the power of courts to strike down laws, use 違憲審査. If you are talking about a court reviewing a government agency's decision, 行政訴訟 or 司法審査 may be more appropriate.