Translation guide
In Japanese, the concept of 'laity' is expressed through terms that distinguish ordinary people from religious specialists, often depending on context (Buddhist, Christian, or general).
To refer to laypeople in a religious context, especially in Buddhism or Christianity.
Refers to laypeople, especially in Buddhism, as opposed to ordained monks. Can also be used in a Christian context.
He is a lay believer.
A more formal term for lay believer, often used in Christian contexts.
The role of the laity is important.
Literally 'worldly person', used to contrast with clergy or monks. Can carry a nuance of being unenlightened or secular.
Please explain the difference between monks and laypeople.
General term for 'believer' or 'follower' of a religion. Not specifically 'laity', but often used when the distinction from clergy is clear from context.
Many laypeople gathered at the church.
To refer specifically to Buddhist lay followers, often in contrast to monks.
Buddhist lay believer. Combines 在家 (lay) and 信者 (believer).
Lay believers also devote themselves to practice.
Refers to a family or household that supports a Buddhist temple, often as parishioners. Implies a lay relationship with a specific temple.
Buddhist term for a male lay devotee (from Sanskrit upāsaka). Rare and technical.
Buddhist term for a female lay devotee (from Sanskrit upāsikā). Rare and technical.
To refer to Christian laity, especially in a church context.
To refer to people who are not experts or professionals in a field, similar to 'layperson' in English.
在家 is the most common term for laity in Buddhism, while 平信徒 is primarily used in Christian contexts. 信徒 is a general term for 'believer' and can be used for laity when the context is clear, but it does not inherently distinguish between clergy and laity.
俗人 can sound derogatory or overly secular in some religious contexts. Use 在家 or 平信徒 for neutral references to religious laity.
This temple has about 200 lay supporter families.
優婆塞として戒を守る。
He observes the precepts as a layman.
She is a devout laywoman.
Laypeople are also encouraged to read the Bible.
Literally 'outsider', meaning someone not versed in a particular field. More formal than 素人.
I am a layperson when it comes to law.