Translation guide
The English word 'mean' has several distinct meanings: to signify or intend, to be unkind, to refer to an average, and more. This guide helps learners choose the right Japanese expression for each meaning.
Expressing what a word, symbol, or action signifies.
The most direct translation for 'to mean' in the sense of signifying. Used for words, symbols, and actions.
What does this word mean?
A red light means 'stop'.
A common pattern to explain what something means, often used in conversation.
'Arigatou' means 'Thank you' in English.
Expressing intention or purpose behind an action or statement.
Used to express intention. Often follows the plain form of a verb.
I didn't mean to hurt her.
Do you mean to go tomorrow?
Indicates an attempt or intention to do something, often used when the action is in progress or failed.
What does he mean to say?
A more formal word for 'intend'. Used in written or formal contexts.
What does that statement mean?
Describing a person or action that is unkind, harsh, or bullying.
The most common adjective for 'mean' in the sense of unkind or spiteful. Used for people and actions.
He said something mean.
Stop being so mean.
Means 'terrible' or 'awful', often used to describe mean behavior. Can also mean 'severe'.
Means 'cold-hearted' or 'cruel'. Stronger than 意地悪な, used for serious cruelty.
He is a mean person.
Referring to the average value in a set of numbers.
Describing someone who is unwilling to spend money or share.
Informal way to say something is very good or skillful.
English 'mean' covers both 'unkind' and 'intend', but Japanese uses completely different words. 意地悪 (ijiwaru) is for unkindness, while つもり (tsumori) is for intention. Mixing them up will cause confusion.
That's a mean way to say it.
平均値を求めなさい。
Find the mean value.
She sings a mean song.