Translation guide
A system where hiring, promotion, or evaluation is based on ability and performance rather than connections or seniority. In Japanese contexts, this concept is often expressed through specific terms related to personnel evaluation, civil service, or corporate HR.
To refer to a system where advancement is based on ability and achievements, not on personal connections or length of service.
Literally 'ability-ism', this is the most common term for a merit-based system in companies and organizations. It emphasizes skills and performance over seniority.
この会社は能力主義を採用している。
This company adopts a merit system.
Similar to 能力主義, but with a nuance of 'real ability' or 'proven competence'. Often used in contexts like sports or competitive fields.
実力主義の職場では、年齢に関係なく昇進できる。
In a merit-based workplace, you can get promoted regardless of age.
Focuses on results and outcomes. Common in business contexts where pay or promotion is tied to performance metrics.
成果主義の給与体系を導入した。
We introduced a merit-based pay system.
Specifically referring to the system of hiring and promoting government employees based on examinations and performance, not political patronage.
Used in the context of civil service or public sector employment, where selection is based on exam scores and records.
公務員の採用は成績主義に基づいている。
Civil service hiring is based on the merit system.
A technical term for a merit-based appointment system in public administration, emphasizing qualifications.
資格任用制は、政治的な任命を防ぐために導入された。
The merit system was introduced to prevent political appointments.
Describing the act of evaluating or promoting someone based on merit.
A natural phrase meaning 'evaluation according to ability'. Useful when explaining the concept rather than using a set term.
能力に応じた評価が公平な人事につながる。
Merit-based evaluation leads to fair personnel decisions.
Promotion based on achievements. Often used in corporate settings.
実績に基づく昇進が当社の方針です。
Promotion based on merit is our company policy.
In traditional Japanese companies, the seniority system (年功序列, ねんこうじょれつ) has been dominant. 能力主義 represents a shift toward merit-based practices. When discussing HR reforms, these terms are often contrasted.
年功序列から能力主義への移行が進んでいる。
The shift from seniority-based to merit-based systems is progressing.