Translation guide
The process of spreading through or penetrating something, often used in abstract or scientific contexts. Japanese expressions vary depending on whether the permeation is physical (liquid, gas, smell) or abstract (ideas, culture, influence).
Describing a substance spreading through a material or space.
The most common term for physical permeation, such as water soaking into soil or a smell spreading through a room.
Water permeates the soil.
The aroma of coffee permeated the room.
Emphasizes soaking in deeply, often used for liquids or stains. More vivid than 浸透.
Rainwater permeated the ground.
Used in scientific/technical contexts for permeation through a membrane or filter. Not for everyday use.
This membrane allows only water to permeate.
Describing how concepts, trends, or feelings spread through a group or society.
Also used for abstract permeation, such as ideas or policies becoming widespread.
It takes time for new ideas to permeate society.
Focuses on the spread or diffusion of something, like technology or practices. Often used for widespread adoption.
Means to spread throughout every corner, often for things like information or supplies.
Describing a mood or emotion that fills a space or group.
浸透 is neutral and can be used for both physical and abstract permeation. 染み込む is more vivid and implies deep absorption, often used for liquids or lessons learned.
The lesson permeated my heart.
English 'permeate' is often used figuratively. In Japanese, using 浸透 for emotions can sound unnatural; prefer 漂う or 満ちる for atmospheres.
スマートフォンが急速に普及した。
Smartphones permeated rapidly.
The precautions permeated to everyone.
会場は喜びに満ちていた。
The venue was permeated with joy.