Translation guide
The English prefix 'pre-' is used to form words meaning 'before' in time, order, or position. In Japanese, this concept is expressed through prefixes, adverbs, or compound structures rather than a single direct equivalent.
pre-order
Often shortened to 予約 (reservation) in context.
Attach 前 (まえ) after a noun or verb phrase to mean 'before'. This is the most common way to express 'pre-' in temporal contexts.
pre-war Japan
Please check before departure.
Means 'prior' or 'in advance'. Often used in formal or business contexts.
Pre-booking is required.
Means 'preliminary' or 'reserve'. Used for things prepared in advance.
preliminary investigation
Means 'preceding' or 'going ahead'. Often used in technical or academic contexts.
previous research (pre-existing studies)
Loanword from English 'pre-', used in modern compounds, often in marketing or casual contexts.
Indicating that something comes before something else in a sequence or hierarchy.
Describing something done in preparation for a main event.
Unlike English, Japanese does not have a single prefix that can be attached to any word to mean 'pre-'. Instead, use specific compounds or phrases like 前 (まえ/ぜん) or 事前 (じぜん).
To say 'before doing something', use the dictionary form of the verb + 前に (まえに). For example, 食べる前に (before eating).
last week (preceding week)
preliminary arrangements