Translation guide
Expressing physical or metaphorical closeness in Japanese. The best choice depends on whether you mean spatial nearness, temporal closeness, or abstract relationship.
Describing that something is physically close to something else.
Noun meaning 'vicinity' or 'nearby area'. Very common and natural.
I live in the proximity of the station.
Formal noun for 'proximity' or 'adjacency', often used in technical or written contexts.
The factory is in close proximity to the residential area.
Means 'very close', often used in compounds like 至近距離 (point-blank range).
Shoot from close proximity.
Describing that an event is close in time.
Describing a close relationship, connection, or similarity between things.
Noun meaning 'closeness' or 'proximity' in abstract sense (relationship, similarity).
I was surprised by the proximity of the two cultures.
Noun/adjective meaning 'close' or 'intimate' (relationship, connection). Often used as 密接な.
Noun meaning 'approximation' or 'close resemblance'. Used in mathematical or technical contexts.
近く is everyday 'nearby', while 近接 is formal 'proximity' often used in reports or technical descriptions.
a nearby store
facilities in close proximity
近接 sounds stiff in casual conversation. Use 近く or rephrase with ～のそば, ～の近くに, etc.
試験が間近に迫っている。
The exam is approaching in close proximity.
両国は密接な関係にある。
The two countries are in close proximity (have a close relationship).
この値は真の値に近似している。
This value is in close proximity to the true value.