Translation guide
A preliminary or unpolished version of a document, drawing, or plan. In Japanese, this is commonly expressed with words for 'draft' or 'rough sketch', depending on the context.
A preliminary written version that will be revised later.
General term for a rough draft of a document, letter, or manuscript. Often handwritten.
First I'll write a rough copy, then make a clean copy.
A draft or manuscript, often used for formal or literary works. Slightly more formal than 下書き.
I sent the rough copy of the novel to the publisher.
Manuscript or draft, especially for publication. Can refer to a rough copy before editing.
I rewrote the rough copy many times.
A draft of a plan, proposal, or legal document. Used in official contexts.
Prepare a rough copy of the contract.
A preliminary drawing or visual plan, not yet detailed.
A rough sketch or preliminary drawing for a painting, illustration, or design.
Draw a rough copy of the mural.
From English 'rough'. Common in creative fields for a rough sketch or draft design.
A rough sketch or drawing, often in art contexts. Can imply a more studied preliminary work.
A quick, unpolished version of anything written or drawn.
Literally 'beating stand', meaning a rough draft or tentative plan meant to be criticized and improved. Very common in business.
Please make a rough copy of the proposal.
A rough sketch or outline, often used in art or design.
Make a rough copy of the composition.
下書き is the most common word for a rough draft of any written work. 草稿 is more formal and often used for literary or academic manuscripts. 原稿 refers to a manuscript intended for publication, which may be a rough copy or a final version depending on context.
In creative industries (design, illustration, manga), ラフ is widely used for rough sketches or drafts. It's a loanword from English and sounds casual but professional.
I drew several rough copies of the character.
Draw a rough copy before the final drawing.