Translation guide
In Japanese, the concept of 'sexual assault' is expressed through several terms that differ in legal definition, severity, and context. The most common and legally recognized term is 性的暴行 (seiteki bōkō), but other words like 性的虐待 (seiteki gyakutai) for abuse and 痴漢 (chikan) for groping are also important. This guide helps learners choose the right expression based on the situation.
To refer to sexual assault in a broad, legal, or formal context, such as news reports, official statements, or discussions of crime.
This is the standard term for sexual assault, encompassing a range of non-consensual sexual acts. It is used in legal contexts and media.
彼は性的暴行の容疑で逮捕された。
He was arrested on suspicion of sexual assault.
性的暴行の被害者は支援を求めることができる。
Victims of sexual assault can seek support.
Specifically means rape (forced sexual intercourse). Historically the legal term, but now often replaced by more comprehensive terms. Still used in some contexts.
強姦罪は厳しく罰せられる。
The crime of rape is severely punished.
A newer legal term introduced in 2023 to replace 'rape' and broaden the definition to include various non-consensual sexual acts. Mainly used in legal documents.
不同意性交等罪が成立するには、同意がないことを証明する必要がある。
To establish the crime of non-consensual sexual intercourse, it is necessary to prove the absence of consent.
To describe sexual abuse, especially of children, or situations involving a perpetrator in a position of authority.
Refers to sexual abuse, often implying a pattern of behavior and a power imbalance (e.g., child abuse, abuse by a caregiver).
彼女は幼少期に性的虐待を受けた。
She was sexually abused as a child.
性的虐待の防止のための法律が強化された。
Laws for the prevention of sexual abuse have been strengthened.
To refer to unwanted touching, often in crowded trains or public spaces.
Specifically refers to groping or molestation, typically on public transportation. Can also refer to the perpetrator.
電車で痴漢に遭った。
I was groped on the train.
痴漢は犯罪です。
Groping is a crime.
To emphasize the violent nature of the act, often used in advocacy or discussions of gender-based violence.
Translates to 'sexual violence' and is used in contexts like human rights, war crimes, and feminist discourse. It encompasses sexual assault but emphasizes the violent aspect.
性的暴力の根絶を目指す運動が広がっている。
Movements aiming to eradicate sexual violence are spreading.
To refer to sexual harassment, which may include verbal or physical conduct that creates a hostile environment.
Abbreviation of 'sexual harassment'. Very common in everyday speech and media.
上司からセクハラを受けた。
I was sexually harassed by my boss.
性的暴行 (seiteki bōkō) is the broadest term for sexual assault, often used in legal contexts. 性的虐待 (seiteki gyakutai) specifically implies abuse, often of a child or vulnerable person, and suggests a pattern. 痴漢 (chikan) is narrowly used for groping/molestation in public places, especially trains. Choose based on the nature of the act and the relationship between perpetrator and victim.
Directly translating 'sexual assault' as 性的攻撃 (seiteki kōgeki) is not natural. Use the terms provided in this guide.
To talk about being a victim of sexual assault, you can use 被害 (ひがい, damage/harm) with the appropriate term, e.g., 性的暴行の被害 (victim of sexual assault).
A broader legal term for indecent acts, including groping and other forms of molestation. More formal than 痴漢.
彼は公共の場でのわいせつ行為で起訴された。
He was prosecuted for indecent acts in public.
The full Japanese term for sexual harassment. More formal than セクハラ.
性的嫌がらせは職場での深刻な問題だ。
Sexual harassment is a serious problem in the workplace.