Translation guide
In Japanese, the concept of 'sexual assault' is expressed through several terms that differ in legal definition, severity, and context. The most common and legally recognized term is 性的暴行 (seiteki bōkō), but other words like 性的虐待 (seiteki gyakutai) for abuse and 痴漢 (chikan) for groping are also important. This guide helps learners choose the right expression based on the situation.
To refer to sexual assault in a broad, legal, or formal context, such as news reports, official statements, or discussions of crime.
This is the standard term for sexual assault, encompassing a range of non-consensual sexual acts. It is used in legal contexts and media.
He was arrested on suspicion of sexual assault.
Victims of sexual assault can seek support.
Specifically means rape (forced sexual intercourse). Historically the legal term, but now often replaced by more comprehensive terms. Still used in some contexts.
The crime of rape is severely punished.
A newer legal term introduced in 2023 to replace 'rape' and broaden the definition to include various non-consensual sexual acts. Mainly used in legal documents.
To establish the crime of non-consensual sexual intercourse, it is necessary to prove the absence of consent.
To describe sexual abuse, especially of children, or situations involving a perpetrator in a position of authority.
Refers to sexual abuse, often implying a pattern of behavior and a power imbalance (e.g., child abuse, abuse by a caregiver).
She was sexually abused as a child.
To refer to unwanted touching, often in crowded trains or public spaces.
To emphasize the violent nature of the act, often used in advocacy or discussions of gender-based violence.
Translates to 'sexual violence' and is used in contexts like human rights, war crimes, and feminist discourse. It encompasses sexual assault but emphasizes the violent aspect.
Movements aiming to eradicate sexual violence are spreading.
To refer to sexual harassment, which may include verbal or physical conduct that creates a hostile environment.
性的暴行 (seiteki bōkō) is the broadest term for sexual assault, often used in legal contexts. 性的虐待 (seiteki gyakutai) specifically implies abuse, often of a child or vulnerable person, and suggests a pattern. 痴漢 (chikan) is narrowly used for groping/molestation in public places, especially trains. Choose based on the nature of the act and the relationship between perpetrator and victim.
Directly translating 'sexual assault' as 性的攻撃 (seiteki kōgeki) is not natural. Use the terms provided in this guide.
To talk about being a victim of sexual assault, you can use 被害 (ひがい, damage/harm) with the appropriate term, e.g., 性的暴行の被害 (victim of sexual assault).
Laws for the prevention of sexual abuse have been strengthened.
A broader legal term for indecent acts, including groping and other forms of molestation. More formal than 痴漢.
He was prosecuted for indecent acts in public.
The full Japanese term for sexual harassment. More formal than セクハラ.
Sexual harassment is a serious problem in the workplace.