Translation guide
The English verb 'shout' covers a range of loud vocal expressions, from calling out to someone to yelling in anger. Japanese distinguishes these by intent and context, using different verbs and onomatopoeic adverbs.
To raise your voice so someone far away can hear you, or to attract attention.
General verb for shouting or yelling. Can be used for calling out, screaming, or exclaiming.
He shouted for help.
I shouted to my friend in the distance.
Literally 'to put out a big voice'. A common, natural way to say 'shout' or 'yell'.
He suddenly shouted.
To shout in anger, to yell at someone. Implies scolding or rage.
Only used when shouting angrily, not for calling out to someone.
To shout with positive emotion, like cheering or urging someone on.
To say something loudly and forcefully, often a short phrase.
叫ぶ (sakebu) is a general shout, which can be from excitement, fear, or calling out. 怒鳴る (donaru) specifically means shouting in anger, often directed at someone.
In Japanese, people often use 大声で言う (say in a loud voice) instead of a specific 'shout' verb, especially in neutral descriptions. Overusing 叫ぶ can sound dramatic.
上司は部下に怒鳴った。
The boss shouted at his subordinate.