Translation guide
The English word "sum" can refer to a total amount, a calculation, or a summary. This guide covers natural Japanese expressions for each meaning.
Expressing the result of adding things together, especially money or quantities.
The most common and neutral word for 'sum' or 'total' in everyday contexts.
The sum is 5000 yen.
Please tell me the total sum.
Often used for total sum of money, especially in formal or business contexts.
The total sum exceeded one million yen.
Grand total, often used in accounting or statistical reports.
The total sum increased compared to the previous year.
Referring to an unspecified or specific amount of money.
Referring to the process or result of adding numbers.
Expressing the main point or a brief statement of the most important information.
Standard word for 'summary' or 'digest', used in both formal and informal contexts.
I read the sum (summary) of the report.
Casual word for 'summary' or 'wrap-up', often used in meetings or presentations.
Means 'in sum' or 'in short', used to introduce a summary statement.
Phrases used to conclude or summarize a discussion.
English 'sum' meaning 'summary' is often translated as 要約 or まとめ, but never as 合計 (which only means total amount). Using 合計 for a summary would be incorrect.
total (not summary)
Even a small sum of donation helps.
He has a large sum of debt.
Finally, I'll give a sum (summary).
In sum, the plan was a failure.