Translation guide
Temperance refers to moderation or self-restraint, especially in relation to alcohol, but also in broader contexts of controlling desires and impulses. In Japanese, this concept is expressed through various words and phrases depending on the specific nuance.
Expressing the idea of drinking in moderation or abstaining from alcohol.
Literally 'moderation in drinking', this is the most direct term for temperance regarding alcohol. It implies cutting down or drinking in moderation rather than complete abstinence.
The doctor advised me to drink in moderation.
A common phrase meaning 'to refrain from alcohol' or 'to cut back on drinking'. It is less formal than 節酒 and can be used in everyday conversation.
I'm cutting back on alcohol for my health.
Means 'abstinence from alcohol' or 'teetotalism'. It implies complete avoidance, not just moderation. Often used in contexts like 'I'm on the wagon'.
He swore off alcohol.
A casual, friendly way to say 'drink in moderation'. Often used as advice or a reminder.
Don't drink too much, okay?
Expressing the broader concept of temperance as moderation in all things, controlling desires.
The most common word for temperance in a general sense: moderation, self-restraint, or self-control. It can apply to eating, spending, or any indulgence.
Lead a life of moderation.
Means 'self-control' or 'self-restraint'. It emphasizes the act of controlling one's own desires or impulses.
A phrase meaning 'to suppress desires'. It is a more descriptive way to express the idea of temperance.
A literary or philosophical term meaning 'self-denial' or 'self-mastery'. It is rarely used in daily conversation.
Referring to temperance as one of the cardinal virtues, often in philosophical or religious contexts.
In ethical contexts, 節制 is the standard translation for the virtue of temperance. It is used in discussions of Greek philosophy or Christian virtues.
Plato considered temperance an important virtue.
Means 'abstinence' or 'asceticism'. It is stronger than 節制 and often implies renunciation of pleasures, especially in religious contexts.
節酒 (せっしゅ) means drinking in moderation, while 禁酒 (きんしゅ) means complete abstinence from alcohol. Use 節酒 when you want to cut back, and 禁酒 when you quit entirely.
The English word 'temperance' is often associated with the historical temperance movement. In Japanese, there is no single word that carries the same historical and cultural weight. Use 節酒 or 禁酒 for alcohol, and 節制 for general moderation.
自制心を養う。
Cultivate self-restraint.
It's important to control your desires.
克己の精神を持つ。
Have a spirit of self-denial.
禁欲生活を送る僧侶。
A monk living an ascetic life.