Translation guide
Describes someone or something in the early stage of life, growth, or development. Japanese has several words for 'young', and the best choice depends on whether you're talking about people, animals, plants, or abstract things, and the age range or context.
To describe a person who is not old, typically from childhood to early adulthood.
The most common and versatile word for 'young'. Used for people, and sometimes for animals or things in a metaphorical sense. Can refer to anyone from a child to someone in their 30s or 40s, depending on context.
He is still young.
Young people are gathering.
A noun meaning 'young person' or 'youth'. Often used to refer to young people as a group, especially teenagers and those in their twenties.
Young people these days use smartphones a lot.
Refers specifically to a young man, or youth in general, often with a nuance of adolescence to early adulthood. Slightly formal or literary.
He grew into a fine young man.
To emphasize that someone is in the early stage of childhood, or to describe something suitable for young children.
Means 'very young', typically for children under about 10. Can also imply innocence or childishness.
A young child is playing in the park.
Literally means 'small', but commonly used to mean 'young' when referring to children. Very natural in spoken Japanese.
To say someone is younger than another person, or to refer to a younger sibling or junior.
To describe an animal or plant that is not fully grown.
Can be used for animals and plants, though less common than for people. Often implies immaturity or freshness.
Young trees break easily in the wind.
Used for very young animals, similar to 'baby' or 'infant' animals.
Prefix or suffix meaning 'young' or 'child' for animals. E.g., 子犬 (puppy), 子猫 (kitten). Very common.
To say someone looks young for their age, or has a youthful appearance or energy.
To describe something like a company, idea, or field that is new, fresh, or in an early stage.
In a company setting, calling someone 若い can sound condescending. Use 年下 or 後輩 (こうはい, junior) instead.
若い covers a broad age range from children to adults, while 幼い is limited to very young children (roughly under 10) and carries a nuance of innocence or immaturity.
She has been learning piano since she was young.
小さい子が泣いている。
A young child is crying.
I made a younger friend.
He is younger than me.
幼い猫がミルクを飲んでいる。
A young kitten is drinking milk.
A puppy was born.
research in a young field