既
previously, already, long ago
Readings
On'yomi
- キ
Kun'yomi
- すで.に
Meaning
既 centers on something that has already happened or been completed: previously, already, or long ago. It marks a state that is finished and now taken as a given.
Most common words using 既
20 of 65- 既にすでにN3
already
- 既存きそん
existing
- 既婚きこんN2
married
- 既成きせいN1
established; existing; accomplished; accepted; completed
- 既知きち
(already) known; established
- 既刊きかん
already published
- 既定きてい
established; fixed; prearranged; predetermined
- 既出きしゅつ
previously presented; already shown; previously posed (exam question); aforementioned
- 既得きとく
vested; already acquired
- 皆既かいき
total eclipse; totality
- 既製きせいN1
ready-made; off the shelf
- 既往きおう
the past
- 既設きせつ
established; existing
- 既遂きすい
already finished (action); already accomplished
- 既報きほう
previous report; previous announcement
- 皆既食かいきしょく
total eclipse (solar or lunar); totality
- 既往症きおうしょう
illness that one had in the past; previous illness; medical history; anamnesis
- 既得権きとくけん
vested rights
- 既成事実きせいじじつ
established fact; fait accompli
- 既製服きせいふく
ready-made clothes; ready-to-wear clothes; off-the-rack clothes; off-the-peg clothes
Study
Etymology
既 originally depicted a person turning away from a food vessel, suggesting the idea of having finished eating. The modern form retains the right-side component 旡, which is related to this turning-away image, while the left side is a simplified vessel shape.
Meaning mnemonic
The left side looks like a container, and the right side 旡 suggests someone turning away. Imagine a person who has already finished their meal and turns away from the empty bowl: the action is done, already in the past.
Reading mnemonic
For キ, imagine a key that has already been used to lock a door: key -> キ, and the door is already locked, just as 既 marks something already completed.