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Kotomora

更

grow late, night watch, sit up late, of course, renew, renovate, again, more and more, further

JLPTN3StatusJōyō · secondary schoolFrequencyTop 1,000Strokes7

Readings

On'yomi

  • コウ

Kun'yomi

  • さら
  • さら.に
  • ふ.ける
  • ふ.かす

Meaning

更 centers on the idea of change or progression: renewing, renovating, or moving further. The senses of growing late, night watch, and sitting up late are natural extensions of time advancing, while 'of course' reflects a logical next step.

Most common words using 更

20 of 112
  • 更にさらに
    N3

    furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more

  • 変更へんこう
    N3

    change; modification; alteration; revision; amendment

  • 更新こうしん
    N2

    renewal; update; replacement; renovation; breaking (a record)

  • 今更いまさら
    N2

    now (when it is already much too late); at this stage

  • 更こう

    one-fifth of the night (approx. 2 hours)

  • 更なるさらなる

    even more; still more; further

  • 尚更なおさら
    N2

    still more; even more; all the more

  • 更生こうせい

    rehabilitation; remaking one's life; starting life anew

  • 更かすふかす

    to sit up late

  • 更衣こうい

    changing one's clothes

  • 更迭こうてつ

    change (of personnel); reshuffle (e.g. of a cabinet); shake-up; dismissal (e.g. of a minister); replacement

  • 更年期こうねんき

    menopause; climacteric

  • 更地さらち

    empty lot; vacant plot of land

  • 更正こうせい

    correction; revision; rectification

  • 満更まんざら
    N1

    (not) altogether; (not) wholly

  • 殊更ことさら

    intentionally; deliberately; designedly; on purpose

  • 夜更かしよふかし
    N2

    staying up late; sitting up late at night; keeping late hours

  • 更けるふける
    N2

    to get late; to advance; to wear on

  • 夜更けよふけ
    N1

    late at night; small hours of the morning

  • 更紗サラサ

    chintz; calico; printed cotton

Explore all words using 更 →

Study

Etymology

更 originally depicted a hand holding a whip or tool, suggesting correction or change. Over time, the meaning broadened to renewal and progression. The modern form is simplified, and the exact historical development of its components is uncertain.

Meaning mnemonic

The top horizontal line and the box-like 日 below with a vertical stroke through it look like a tool being used to reshape something. Think of 更 as a tool for renewal: it changes things, makes them further, and pushes time later.

Reading mnemonic

For コウ, imagine a clock that keeps ticking later and later, making a 'ko' sound each time it advances: ko -> コウ, and the night watch sits up late as time renews.