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Kotomora

複

duplicate, double, compound, multiple

JLPTN2StatusJōyō · grade 5FrequencyTop 1,000Strokes14

Readings

On'yomi

  • フク

Kun'yomi

—

Meaning

複 centers on things that are not single: something doubled, duplicated, or made of multiple parts. The idea of a compound or complex whole grows naturally from that sense of layered multiplicity.

Most common words using 複

20 of 174
  • 複数ふくすう
    N2

    plural; multiple

  • 複雑ふくざつ
    N4

    complex; complicated; intricate; mixed (feelings)

  • 重複ちょうふく
    N1

    duplication; repetition; overlapping; redundancy; restoration

  • 複合ふくごう
    N1

    composite; combined; complex

  • 複ふく

    compound; composite; multiple; re-; bi-

  • 複製ふくせい

    reproduction; duplication; reprinting

  • 複写ふくしゃ
    N2

    copying; duplication; reproduction; copy

  • 複素数ふくそすう

    complex number

  • 複素ふくそ

    complex

  • 複数個ふくすうこ

    multitude

  • 複線ふくせん

    double track; two-track line

  • 単複たんぷく

    simplicity and complexity; singular and plural; single and double; singles and doubles (in tennis)

  • 複眼ふくがん

    compound eye

  • 複利ふくり

    compound interest

  • 複式ふくしき

    double-entry (e.g. bookkeeping)

  • 複々線ふくふくせん

    four-track rail line (two in each direction); quadruple railway track

  • 複葉ふくよう

    compound leaf; multifoliate leaf

  • 複合語ふくごうご

    compound word; compound term

  • 複雑さふくざつさ

    complexity

  • 複写機ふくしゃき

    photocopier; photocopying machine

Explore all words using 複 →

Study

Etymology

複 combines 衤 (clothing) with 复, which likely contributes both sound and the idea of doubling or layering. The character originally referred to lined or double-layered garments, and the broader sense of duplication developed from there.

Meaning mnemonic

The clothing radical 衤 beside 复 suggests layers of fabric folded over each other. Picture a double-layered coat: 複 is about duplication and multiple layers.

Reading mnemonic

For フク, imagine a fuku (服, clothing) that is double-layered: fuku -> フク, and the doubled clothing matches the kanji's meaning of duplicate.