to exceed, state in Shanxi province
隃 centers on going beyond a limit: to exceed or surpass. The place-name sense is a specific historical application of that idea.
隃 combines the mound radical ⻖ with 俞, which likely contributes the sound. The exact historical development is uncertain, but the character is associated with the idea of exceeding or a place name.
The mound radical ⻖ suggests a hill or boundary, and 俞 looks like a person stepping over it. Picture someone climbing a mound and exceeding its height.
For シュ, imagine a shoe flying over a mound, exceeding all limits: shoe -> シュ, and the shoe soars past the top.