noun, noun which may take the genitive case particle 'no'
lower strata of society; the underworld
Refers to the lower social classes or the criminal underworld, often in sociological or journalistic contexts.
彼は下層社会の出身だが、努力して成功した。
He came from the lower strata of society, but worked hard and succeeded.
その小説は19世紀のロンドンの下層社会を描いている。
The novel depicts the underworld of 19th-century London.