auxiliary verb, nidan verb (lower class) with 'mu' ending (archaic)
causative auxiliary verb (archaic)
Archaic auxiliary verb attached to the 未然形 (irrealis form) of verbs to express causation. Equivalent to modern せる/させる. Found in classical Japanese texts.
See also: しめる
「花咲かしむ」 is an old way of saying 'to make flowers bloom'.
auxiliary verb, nidan verb (lower class) with 'mu' ending (archaic)
permissive auxiliary verb (archaic)
Archaic auxiliary verb indicating permission or allowing. Also attached to the 未然形. Modern equivalent is せる/させる with permissive meaning.
auxiliary verb, nidan verb (lower class) with 'mu' ending (archaic)
honorific strengthening auxiliary (archaic)
Used together with other honorific auxiliaries to reinforce respectful meaning. Rare even in classical texts; appears in highly formal or literary contexts.
auxiliary verb, nidan verb (lower class) with 'mu' ending (archaic)
humble strengthening auxiliary (archaic)
Used together with other humble auxiliaries to reinforce humble meaning. Extremely rare; found only in classical Japanese with specific humble constructions.
「行かしむ」 can mean 'to let go' or 'to allow to go'.
Used with other honorifics, as in 「仰せられしむ」, to strengthen the respectful tone.
Used with humble auxiliaries, as in 「申ししむ」, to intensify the humble nuance.
させる is the modern causative auxiliary used with ichidan and irregular verbs, serving the same role that しむ once did in classical Japanese.
Archaic auxiliary verb derived from the verb す (to do) + む (auxiliary verb). The exact historical development is uncertain, but it is attested in Old Japanese texts.