係る · godan verb (-ru)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 係る | 係らない |
| Polite | 係ります | 係りません |
| Past polite | 係りました | 係りませんでした |
| Past | 係った | 係らなかった |
| Te-form | 係って | 係らないで |
| Desire | 係りたい | 係りたくない |
| Potential | 係れる | 係れない |
| Passive | 係られる | 係られない |
| Causative | 係らせる | 係らせない |
| Causative passive | 係らせられるalso 係らされる | 係らせられないalso 係らされない |
| Volitional | 係ろう | |
| Polite volitional | 係りましょう | |
| Imperative | 係れ | 係るな |
| Conditional | 係れば | 係らなければ |
| Tara conditional | 係ったら | 係らなかったら |
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
be the work of; be the result of; be done by
Used to attribute an action, outcome, or responsibility to a person or entity. Often appears in formal or written contexts. The subject is the thing that is done or caused, and the agent is marked with に.
See also: かかる
This plan is largely the result of his efforts.
The success depends on the cooperation of the entire team.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
concern; affect; involve; relate to
Used when a matter concerns, affects, or involves someone or something. Often in the pattern ～に係る問題/事項 (matters concerning ~). Common in legal, business, or formal writing.
This is an important decision that concerns the future of the company.
Care is required in handling matters relating to personal information.
We discussed issues concerning this contract.
This painting is the work of a famous artist.
This is a life-threatening serious issue.
cashier; teller; treasurer
receiving teller
stagehand; backstage crew