noun
shelter; refuge; place to weather out
A place where one can endure or wait out something difficult, such as bad weather or a crisis. Often implies a temporary or makeshift shelter.
大雨の中、軒下が唯一の凌ぎ場だった。
In the heavy rain, the eaves were the only shelter.
彼らは嵐の凌ぎ場を探して洞窟に入った。
They entered the cave looking for a place to ride out the storm.
避難所 is a formal evacuation shelter, while 凌ぎ場 is a more general, often temporary place to endure something.
雨宿り specifically means taking shelter from rain, often briefly, while 凌ぎ場 can refer to shelter from any hardship.
Compound of 凌ぎ (しのぎ, the continuative form of 凌ぐ 'to endure, to weather') + 場 (ば, 'place').