凌ぐ · godan verb (-gu)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 凌ぐ | 凌がない |
| Polite | 凌ぎます | 凌ぎません |
| Past polite | 凌ぎました | 凌ぎませんでした |
| Past | 凌いだ | 凌がなかった |
| Te-form | 凌いで | 凌がないで |
| Desire | 凌ぎたい | 凌ぎたくない |
| Potential | 凌げる | 凌げない |
| Passive | 凌がれる | 凌がれない |
| Causative | 凌がせる | 凌がせない |
| Causative passive | 凌がせられるalso 凌がされる | 凌がせられないalso 凌がされない |
| Volitional | 凌ごう | |
| Polite volitional | 凌ぎましょう | |
| Imperative | 凌げ | 凌ぐな |
| Conditional | 凌げば | 凌がなければ |
| Tara conditional | 凌いだら | 凌がなかったら |
godan verb (-gu), transitive verb
endure; keep out; stave off
Used for withstanding harsh conditions, weather, hunger, or attacks. Often implies actively holding something unpleasant at bay.
I endured the cold with a single blanket.
I keep out of the rain under the eaves.
godan verb (-gu), transitive verb
pull through; get over; survive
Focuses on surviving a difficult period or crisis, such as illness, financial trouble, or a tough situation.
With my family's help, I got through that winter.
We survive the recession with our savings.
We warmed ourselves by the bonfire to keep out the cold.
The company managed to pull through its funding crisis.
His skill is such that he surpasses even his senior.
We staved off hunger with only a little food.
We got through the emergency with first aid.