noun
catarrh
Medical term for inflammation of a mucous membrane with excessive mucus production; used in compounds like 胃カタル (gastric catarrh) or 鼻カタル (nasal catarrh).
from Dutch catarrhe · from German Katarrh
医者に胃カタルと診断された。
The doctor diagnosed me with gastric catarrh.
春になると鼻カタルに悩まされる。
I suffer from nasal catarrh every spring.
炎症 is the general term for inflammation, while カタル specifically refers to catarrhal inflammation of mucous membranes.
Borrowed from Dutch 'catarrhe' or German 'Katarrh', ultimately from Latin 'catarrhus'. The ateji spelling 加答児 is a phonetic rendering.