noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru'
toil and hardship; hard work and suffering
Literary or formal term for enduring difficult labor and associated suffering. Often used in historical or elevated contexts.
彼は長年の勤苦の末、ようやく成功を収めた。
After many years of toil and hardship, he finally achieved success.
農民たちは日
The farmers lived while enduring daily toil and hardship.