苦労する · noun or participle which takes 'suru'
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 苦労する | 苦労しない |
| Polite | 苦労します | 苦労しません |
| Past polite | 苦労しました | 苦労しませんでした |
| Past | 苦労した | 苦労しなかった |
| Te-form | 苦労して | 苦労しないで |
| Desire | 苦労したい | 苦労したくない |
| Potential | 苦労できる | 苦労できない |
| Passive | 苦労される | 苦労されない |
| Causative | 苦労させる | 苦労させない |
| Causative passive | 苦労させられる | 苦労させられない |
| Volitional | 苦労しよう | |
| Polite volitional | 苦労しましょう | |
| Imperative | 苦労しろ | 苦労するな |
| Conditional | 苦労すれば | 苦労しなければ |
| Tara conditional | 苦労したら | 苦労しなかったら |
noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', transitive verb, intransitive verb
trouble; hardship; difficulty; labor; toil; pains
Refers to physical or mental effort, struggle, or difficulty in doing something. Often used in the phrase 苦労する (to have a hard time, to struggle).
Raising children involves a lot of hardship.
It seems he went through a lot of hardships when he was young.
noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', transitive verb, intransitive verb
anxiety; worry; concern; cares
Focuses on mental worry or emotional burden rather than physical effort. Often used in contexts of personal concerns or anxieties.
He is always plagued by money worries.
There's no need to worry about such a small thing.
He went through many hardships before he succeeded.
Raising children brings never-ending troubles.
After much hardship, she finally realized her dream.
He spares no effort for the sake of his family.
苦労 is an everyday word covering effort, trouble, or hardship in general, while 憂き目 specifically names an unfortunate experience one suffers and appears mainly in set literary phrases.
苦労 is the common, everyday word for hardship or trouble, while 辛苦 is more formal and literary, often implying prolonged suffering.
苦労 emphasizes hardship and toil, often physical or practical, while 悩み is more about mental or emotional distress.
苦労 refers to hardships and toil endured over a longer period, often physical or life-related, while 苦心 is focused mental effort spent solving a particular problem.
苦労 highlights hardship and suffering, whereas 労力 is more neutral about the difficulty of the work.
苦労 describes general hardship or trouble one goes through, whereas 腐心 focuses narrowly on intense mental effort spent solving or figuring out one specific thing.
苦労 focuses on the hardship and trouble one goes through, while 労作 highlights the laborious effort itself or its resulting product.
苦労 refers to hardship or trouble endured through effort, whereas 苦慮 specifically refers to anxious deliberation over how to solve a problem.
苦労 shares the kanji 苦 with 苦情 but means hardship or trouble one goes through, not a complaint made to someone.
苦労 means hardship or toil one endures, while 功労 means the praiseworthy service or achievement resulting from effort; the two share the kanji 労 and are easily confused in sound.
worry; anxiety; mental strain
overanxiety; needless worry; borrowing trouble