guard station; guard house; guard post
A small building or room where a security guard is stationed, typically at the entrance of a facility.
There is a guard station at the entrance of the company.
Please show your ID at the guard post.
守衛 refers to the guard or security person, whereas 守衛所 is the place where the guard is stationed.
Compound of 守衛 (guard, security) and 所 (place, station).