finite verb
A grammatical term for a verb form that can serve as the predicate of a clause, typically marked for tense and subject agreement in languages that have it. In Japanese linguistics, it contrasts with non-finite forms like the 連用形 (continuative) or テ形.
English finite verbs change form depending on the person and number of the subject.
In Japanese linguistics, the shūshikei (predicative form) is considered a typical finite verb form.
non-finite verb
A compound of 定形 (fixed form) and 動詞 (verb), likely a calque from Western grammatical terminology.