noun
future generations; posterity; the next world
Refers to people of the future, or to the world after death. The 'afterlife' sense is less common in modern secular contexts but appears in literary or religious writing.
後の世に名を残すような仕事をしたい。
I want to do work that will leave my name to posterity.
彼は後の世の人々のために多
He left many records for future generations.
後世 (こうせい) is a more common and concise synonym for 'posterity' or 'future generations', while 後の世 (のちのよ) has a slightly more literary or explanatory feel.
来世 specifically means 'the next world' or 'afterlife' in a Buddhist sense, whereas 後の世 can also mean 'future generations' in a secular context.
Compound of 後 (のち, 'after') + の (possessive particle) + 世 (よ, 'world' or 'age'). The reading のち is a native Japanese word, and よ is also native. The phrase literally means 'the world/age after'.