behind, back, later
後 centers on the idea of being spatially or temporally behind: the back side, what comes later, or what follows after.
後 combines 彳 (movement) with a phonetic component that also suggests delay or following. The modern form is simplified, and the exact historical development of the right side is uncertain.
The left side 彳 suggests movement, and the right side looks like a trailing thread 幺 with a foot 夂 lagging behind. Picture someone walking while a loose thread drags behind them: that trailing thread is always behind.
For ゴ, imagine a person walking and a ghost (ゴースト) follows behind them: ghost -> ゴ, always lagging behind.
behind; rear
after
later; afterwards
end; conclusion
from now on; hereafter
back; behind; rear
afternoon; p.m.
second half; latter half
front and rear; front and back; before and behind; back and forth
regret; repentance; remorse
immediately following
postwar period; period after Second World War
junior (at work, school, etc.); younger people; younger student
the latter; the second
in the future; another day; later
rear; back; behind
succession
back; rear
latter period; second half; late stage; third trimester; second semester
after death
after this; from now on; hereafter
retreat; falling back; moving backwards; reversing; backing up (of a vehicle); retrogression; retraction
after school (at the end of the day)
posterity; future generations; future life
rear; stern
day after tomorrow
pushing; support; backing; supporter; backer
future; distant future
support; backing
putting off; postponing
after; post; ex-; after the fact; ex post
post-natal; since birth
old age
successor
prognostic symptoms; after-effect; sequela
one's junior; younger generation; next generation
succeeding; following; trailing; next
after a meal
losing initiative; being forestalled
starting late; late departure
Echigo (former province located in present-day Niigata Prefecture)
back-facing; backwards
(a person's) appearance from behind; person as seen from behind; back view; retreating figure
settlement (of a matter); sorting out; winding up (affairs); dealing with the aftermath
going backward; turning back; backtracking; doubling back
afterword; postscript
tidying up; clearing up; cleaning up; clearing away; putting in order
guardianship; guardian
postoperative; after surgery
acquired (e.g. characteristic); learned (e.g. behaviour)
back row; rear rank
after death; posthumously
second wife
a day after the fair; (at a) stage when it's too late
after graduation
years later
after; later
backing; support; backer; supporter; patron; sponsor
second half
in three days' time; two days after tomorrow
final performance; swan song; last act
end (e.g. of a line); tail end; rear; backmost part
after the end (of something)