Ministry of Education; Department of Education
Refers to the government body responsible for education policy. The English translation depends on the country: 'Ministry' for Japan and many other nations, 'Department' for the U.S., Australia, etc.
Japan's Ministry of Education is called the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
The U.S. Department of Education is a federal agency.
Compound of 教育 (きょういく, 'education') and 省 (しょう, 'ministry' or 'department').