敢かん然ぜん

か

ん

ぜ

ん

Meanings

adverb taking the 'to' particle, taru-adjective

Describes taking action with firm determination and courage, often in the face of difficulty or opposition. Used adverbially with と, or attributively as a たる adjective in formal writing.

彼かれは敢かん然ぜんと立たち上あがり、不ふ正せいを告こく発はつした。
He boldly stood up and exposed the wrongdoing.
困こん難なんに直ちょく面めんしても、敢かん然ぜんたる態たい度どを崩くずさなかった。
Even when facing difficulties, he maintained a resolute attitude.

Usage patterns

敢かん然ぜんと〈動どう詞し〉to do something boldly/resolutely
彼かれは困こん難なんに敢かん然ぜんと立たち向むかった。
He resolutely confronted the difficulty.
敢かん然ぜんたる〈事こと〉an act/attitude marked by bold resolve (formal, attributive use)
彼かれの敢かん然ぜんたる態たい度どに皆みなが感かん動どうした。
Everyone was moved by his resolutely bold attitude.

Kanji

敢daring, brave, bold
然sort of thing, so, if so

Related words

果か敢かん
果敢 is the common modern word for daring/resolute action, while 敢然 is a more literary, emphatic term for the same quality.
勇ゆう敢かんN1
勇敢 is a general adjective/noun describing bravery as a trait, whereas 敢然 describes the bold manner of a specific action, often in formal writing.
大だい胆たんN2
大胆 focuses on boldness or audacity in general behavior, while 敢然 specifically conveys resolute courage in the face of difficulty.

Don't confuse with

あえてN2
敢えて shares the kanji 敢 with 敢然 but means 'daringly/deliberately doing something despite risk,' not 'boldly/resolutely' as a manner adverb.

Etymology

Formed from the kanji 敢 (daring, bold) and the suffix 然 (indicating a state or manner). The exact historical derivation is uncertain, but it follows a classical Chinese pattern for forming adverbs/adjectives.