noun
widowed mother's allowance; mother-and-child pension
A Japanese public pension provided to a widowed mother raising children. This is a specific legal term under the Japanese social security system.
彼女は夫を亡くした後、母子年金を受給している。
After losing her husband, she receives a widowed mother's allowance.
遺族年金 is a broader term for survivor's pension, which includes pensions for widows, widowers, and children. 母子年金 specifically refers to the pension for a widowed mother with dependent children.
Compound of 母子 (mother and child) and 年金 (pension). The term is a straightforward legal designation.