matriarchy; matrilineal system
Refers to a social system where descent and inheritance are traced through the female line, or where women hold primary power. Often used in anthropological or historical contexts.
That tribe has a matrilineal system.
In a matrilineal society, property is passed from mother to daughter.
母権制 specifically emphasizes female political or social dominance, while 母系制 focuses on lineage and inheritance through the female line.
Compound of 母系 (ぼけい, 'maternal line') + 制 (せい, 'system'). The term is a modern coinage used in anthropology and sociology.