制せい

noun, noun, used as a suffix

system; regime; institutional arrangement; regulation

Common as a suffix meaning an established system, form of organization, rule structure, or legal/regulatory framework. Often attaches to another noun or Sino-Japanese element, as in 予約制, 二院制, 王制, and 税制.

• このレストランは完かん全ぜん予よ約やく制せいです。

  This restaurant is strictly by reservation.

• 日本にほんの国こっ会かいは二に院いん制せいを採さい用ようしている。

  Japan's Diet uses a two-chamber system.

• 来らい年ねんから新あたらしい税ぜい制せいが始はじまる。

  A new tax system will begin next year.

noun, noun, used as a suffix

control; restraint; suppression; holding back

Mostly a bound kanji morpheme in compounds connected with controlling, restraining, checking, or regulating something, such as 自制, 抑制, 規制, and 制圧. It is not usually used as a free everyday noun by itself in this sense.

• 「自じ制せい」や「抑よく制せい」の制せいは、物もの事ごとをおさえる意い味みを表あらわす。

  The 制 in 自制 and 抑制 expresses the idea of holding something in check.

noun, noun, used as a suffix

imperial command; decree; law

Rare, classical or kanbun-style use referring to an imperial command or authoritative decree. In modern Japanese, this meaning is mainly of historical or textual interest rather than a normal standalone word.

• 古ふるい漢かん文ぶん調ちょうの文ぶん章しょうでは、制せいが天てん子しの命めい令れいを指さすことがある。

  In old kanbun-style writing, 制 can refer to an emperor's command.