Used for physical depth (water, snow, soil) and abstract depth (understanding, analysis). Common in technical and formal contexts.
The average depth of this lake is 20 meters.
His argument lacks depth.
We measured the depth of the seabed using a submersible.
The water depth at this point is shallow.
The submersible decreased its depth and approached the seabed.
深度 (depth) and 進度 (progress, pace) are pronounced identically but refer to completely different concepts, so context is essential.
Compound of 深 (deep) and 度 (degree). A straightforward Sino-Japanese word for 'depth'.