dust and soot; particulate matter
Refers to airborne particles from combustion or industrial processes; often used in environmental and pollution contexts.
Soot and dust from factories are causing air pollution.
In this area, the concentration of particulate matter exceeded the standard.
Standard kanji spelling for soot and dust, especially in environmental contexts.
Kana spelling is common in general writing and when the kanji are considered difficult.
Compound of 煤 (ばい, 'soot') and 塵 (じん, 'dust'). The reading ばいじん is the standard Sino-Japanese on'yomi.