soot and smoke; dirty smoke
Refers to smoke containing soot or particulate matter, often from industrial or combustion sources. Commonly used in environmental and pollution contexts.
Soot and smoke from factories are a cause of air pollution.
Regulations for the prevention of soot and smoke have been tightened.
煤煙 is a more formal, technical word for sooty industrial smoke, whereas 煙 is the everyday general term for any smoke.
Standard kanji spelling for soot and smoke, especially in environmental contexts.
Mixed kana-kanji spelling commonly used in official documents and news when the first kanji is considered difficult.
Variant using a simplified second kanji; less common than 煤煙.
Compound of 煤 (ばい, 'soot') and 煙 (えん, 'smoke'). The reading ばい for 煤 is the on'yomi, and えん for 煙 is also on'yomi, forming a standard Sino-Japanese compound.