noun
Refers to a political system in which one person or a small group holds absolute power, often without democratic processes.
その国は長年独裁制が続いている。
That country has been under a dictatorship for many years.
独裁制から民主主義への移
Transitioning from a dictatorship to democracy is not easy.
専制 refers to 'despotism' or 'autocracy' and can be used in broader contexts, including non-political ones, whereas 独裁制 is strictly a political system.
Compound of 独裁 (どくさい, 'dictatorship, autocracy') + 制 (せい, 'system, regime'). The term is a modern political concept, likely coined during the Meiji or Taisho period as a translation of Western political terms.