noun
biosatellite
A satellite designed to carry living organisms into space for scientific research.
旧ソ連は生物衛星を使って犬を宇宙に送った。
The former Soviet Union used biosatellites to send dogs into space.
人工衛星 is the general term for an artificial satellite, while 生物衛星 specifically refers to one carrying living organisms.
Compound of 生物 (living thing) and 衛星 (satellite), likely a calque from English 'biosatellite'.