Formal term for punishment or disciplinary action, often used in legal, institutional, or official contexts.
Strict punishment is imposed for rule violations.
The details of disciplinary measures are specified in the work regulations.
Compound of 科 (ka, 'section, department, charge') and 罰 (batsu, 'punishment'). The exact historical derivation is uncertain, but the combination conveys the idea of a prescribed penalty or disciplinary measure.