spatial relation
Technical term used in geography, linguistics, and cognitive science to describe how objects or concepts are positioned relative to each other in space.
This map accurately shows the spatial relations of the buildings.
Prepositions often express spatial relations between objects.
位置関係 is a more common, everyday term for positional relationship, while 空間的関係 is a formal, technical term emphasizing spatial dimensions.
Compound of 空間 (space) + 的 (-like, adjectival suffix) + 関係 (relation). A straightforward modern technical coinage.