Refers to the branch of government that makes laws, such as a parliament or congress. Often used in political contexts.
The legislature deliberates on new laws.
The relationship between the legislature and the executive branch is important.
議会 can refer to any assembly or council, including local ones, whereas 立法部 emphasizes the law-making function.
Compound of 立法 (りっぽう, 'legislation') and 部 (ぶ, 'department' or 'branch'), literally 'legislation department'.