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Kotomora

著ちょ

ちょ
Common wordJLPTN1Freq.Top 10,000

Meanings

1

noun

written work; book

Formal term for a written work, often used in bibliographic or academic contexts. Can refer to a book, treatise, or publication.

2

suffix

written by

Suffix attached to an author's name to indicate authorship, similar to 'by' in English. Common in bibliographies and citations.

3

noun

clearness; obviousness

obsolete term

Obsolete noun meaning clearness or conspicuousness. Not used in modern Japanese; replaced by words like 明らかさ or 顕著.

Usage patterns