negative externalities
Economics term for costs imposed on third parties not involved in a transaction, such as pollution.
Factory smoke is a typical example of negative externalities.
A carbon tax was introduced to internalize negative externalities.
Compound of 負 (negative) + の (possessive particle) + 外部性 (externality). 外部性 is a translation of the English economic term 'externality', combining 外部 (outside) and 性 (nature/characteristic).