wine; grape wine
Refers specifically to wine made from grapes. In modern Japanese, ワイン is the default term.
I drank red wine with dinner.
This wine is from France.
葡萄 refers to the fruit or vine itself, while ぶどう酒 specifically means wine made from grapes.
Kanji spelling meaning 'grape alcohol'; less common than ワイン but still used, especially in traditional contexts.
Older kanji spelling; now mostly replaced by ワイン or ぶどう酒.
Mixed katakana-kanji spelling; occasionally seen but not standard.
Loanword from English 'wine', ultimately from Latin 'vinum'. The kanji spellings ぶどう酒 and 葡萄酒 are native Japanese coinages meaning 'grape alcohol'.