official edict; binding directive from a senior official
Historical term for a written order issued by a high-ranking government or military official, carrying the force of a binding document. Not used in modern everyday contexts.
江戸時代、老中が発する下文は絶対的な効力を持っていた。
In the Edo period, an edict issued by a senior councilor had absolute authority.
古文書には、将軍の下文が多数残されている。
Many edicts from the shogun survive in ancient documents.
Compound of 下 (くだし, 'to issue down') and 文 (ぶみ, 'document'). The exact historical derivation is uncertain, but the term reflects the hierarchical issuance of orders from superiors to subordinates.